Internet History

Internet history: see : http://www.isoc.org/guest/zakon/Internet/History/HIT.html

Larry Roberts Internet Timeline -http://www.packet.cc/internet.html

History of Computers- http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/

The Early Concept

Vannevar Bush. The Atlantic Monthly; July, 1945; As We May Think; Volume 176, No. 1; pages 101-108.
He advocated the benefits of associative thinking over linear index based thinking to enhance memory. A series of associations can be built to create a trail to link ideas for discovery and problem solving. "A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory" (Bush 1945).

October 4, 1957,- the Soviet Union  launched Sputnik I. "The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a basketball, weighed only 183 pounds, and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. That launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race (Nasa -Sputnik)."

1957- First digital image is produced Russell Kirsch.

1958- Congress creates ARPA to improve communication technologies. Dr. J.C.R. Licklider eventually sought the development of ARPANet.

1961 Leonard Kleinrock, MIT: "Information Flow in Large Communication Nets" (May 31) First paper on packet-switching (PS) theory

1964 Paul Baran, RAND: "On Distributed Communications Networks" Packet-switching networks; no single outage point.Paul Baran working on the cold war problem of having a communication system survive enemy attack, advocated using a decentralized network of communication instead of a centralized network.

ARPANET -The First Internet

1968 Request for proposals for ARPANET

Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) awarded Packet Switch contract to build Interface for the first internet network

1969- 4 nodes on the network- UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, Univ. of Utah each had a Honeywell DDP-516 mini computer with 12K of memory and AT&T provided 50kbps lines. Maps of the early network. Types in "LO" then comes a crash.

1972 Ray Tomlinson (BBN) modifies email program for ARPANET where it becomes a quick hit. The @ sign was chosen from the punctuation keys on Tomlinson's Model 33 Teletype for its "at" meaning (March) Larry Roberts writes first email  program

1973 Bob Metcalfe's Harvard PhD Thesis outlines idea for Ethernet. The concept was tested on Xerox PARC's Alto computers, and the first Ethernet network called the Alto Aloha System (May) (:amk:)

Bob Kahn poses Internet problem, starts research program at ARPA. Vinton Cerf sketches gateway architecture in March on back of envelope in a San Francisco hotel lobby

1974 Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn published "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection" which specified in detail the design of a Transmission Control Program (TCP). [IEEE Trans Comm] 

1983 ARPANET and UNIX  computer used at major universities and companies use IP/TCP

1984 Domain Name System (DNS) introduced Number of hosts breaks 1,000

Apple computer introduces the Mac with a Graphic User Interface so you could use icons instead of text.

1985

Whole Earth ‘Lectronic Link establishes a virtual community

1986 NSFNET (National Science Foundation Network) is created, with a backbone of 56 kbps.  Merit ran the network for NSF from 1987 until NSFNET was decommissioned in 1995.  Maps

Timeline of the WWW

Adapted from The History of the Internet By Dave Kristula, March 1997; and Hobbes' Internet Timeline v5.2 by Robert H'obbes' Zakon; ISOC -http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/;Dan Tynan http://www.infoworld.com/t/networking/16-greatest-moments-in-web-history-850; and David Shedden's New Media Time http://poynter.org/content/content_view.asp?id=75944#series

1990 - Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in Geneva uses HTML or hypertext for information exchange in the physics community. Hosts: 313,000.

1991- In March NSF allows the commercial use of the Net

World-Wide Web made possible by Tim Berners-Lee is released.

1992- Internet Society (ISOC) is formed.

AOL goes public. Many people first connect to the internet via AOL.

"surfing the Internet" starts to become popular

The first audio and video on the internet

1993- InterNIC is created to manage and register domain names.

US White House comes on-line.

Marc Andreessen develops a graphical user interface for the web browser Mosaic

Spiders, and Crawlers help people search the net.

1994- Pizza Hut has the first internet advertisment for pizza ordering on its Web page.

First Virtual,a first cyberbank, and.Shopping malls open on the net.

RT-FM, broadcasts from Interop in Las Vegas

Yahoo created by Jerry Yang and David Filo

The law firm of Canter & Siegel "spams" the Internet with email advertising green card lottery services

The first banner ads appear on hotwired.com in October for Zima and AT&T

1995- Hosts: 6,642,000

RealAudio, an audio streaming technology, lets the Net hear in near real-time

Compuserve, America Online, Prodigy begin attacking more users.

Investors pour money into companies like Netscape

Microsoft launces MSN

Ebay starts.

Amazons opens.

1996- About 40 million people in 150 countries are on the internet. Internet ecommerce is just over 1 billion.

US Communications Decency Act (CDA) becomes law in the US to prohibit distribution of indecent materials. Supreme Court declares it unconstitutional in 1997.

Browser wars fought between Netscape and Microsoft

1997-Push, Multicasting, Push, Streaming Media become popular

Craigslist begins.

1998-320 million pages are estimated to be online.

E-Commerce, E-Auctions, and Portals become popular

PayPal begins.

Google is launched in September by Sergi Brin and Larry Page.

1999-ICANN announces Shared Registry System

E-Trade, Online Banking, MP3 become popular.

People worry about the Year 2000 problem and Viruses like Melissa.

RSS, a web feeded for content syndication, is created.

2000-A massive denial of service attack against Yahoo, Amazon, and eBay

1 billion indexable pages are now on the Internet

ASP, Napster by Shawn Fanning; and Wireless internet become popular.

2001

Browsers: Microsoft Internet Explorer 65.9% Netscape Navigator 21.4% Opera 3.09% Lynx 0.58%

(http://browserwatch.internet.com/stats/stats.html)

54.5 million US households own at least one computer

Napster is shut down

Wikipedia founded by Jimmy Wales

Mashups

2002

Friendster

2003

Web 2.0 becomes a popular idea

Google buys Blogger.com

RIAA sues people for copyright infrigement for downloading music.

MySpace, a social networking site, is launched by Brad Greenspan, Chris DeWolfe, Josh Berman, and Tom Anderson.

Skype, a peer-to-peer Internet telephony network, is established.

Apple iTunes launches.

Technorati,a blog search engine, is created.

Furl, a social bookmarking site, openned. (bought by Diigo)

LinkedIn professional networking site is launched.

2004

Flickr a photo sharing site starts.

Facebook,a social networking site orginally for college students is created by Mark Zuckerberg.

Podcasts and mobile devices become popular.

2005

You Tube is established.

July- Rupert Murdoch buys MySpace for $580 million

2006

Twitter, a micro blogging site, by Jack Dorsey is launched.

2007

The Apple iPhone introduced.

Widgets become popular

2008

The majority of American use the Internet during the political campaigns. Obama uses social networks to reach his audience.

CJN 771 New Media

CJN 278 New Media